Chidule chaukadaulo cha HDMI 2.1b

Chidule chaukadaulo cha HDMI 2.1b

Kwa okonda mawu ndi makanema, zida zodziwika bwino mosakayikira ndi ma waya ndi ma interface a HDMI. Kuyambira pomwe mtundu wa 1.0 wa HDMI unatulutsidwa mu 2002, zakhala zaka zoposa 20. Kwa zaka zoposa 20 zapitazi, HDMI yakhala muyezo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamawu ndi makanema. Malinga ndi zolemba zovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa zida za HDMI kwafika mayunitsi 11 biliyoni, zomwe ndizofanana ndi pafupifupi zida ziwiri za HDMI pa munthu aliyense padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino waukulu wa HDMI ndi kufanana kwa muyezo wake. Kwa zaka 20 zapitazi, kukula kwenikweni kwa mawonekedwe wamba a HDMI sikunasinthe, ndipo pulogalamu ya mapulogalamu yakwaniritsa kugwirizana kwathunthu kumbuyo. Izi ndizosavuta makamaka pazida zazikulu zapakhomo zomwe zimakhala ndi zosintha pang'onopang'ono za hardware, makamaka ma TV. Ngakhale TV kunyumba ndi yakale kuyambira zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, imatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku ma consoles amasewera a m'badwo wotsatira popanda kufunikira ma adapter. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, HDMI yasintha mwachangu makanema am'mbuyomu, AV, mawu, ndi ma interface ena pa ma TV ndipo yakhala mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri pa ma TV. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zinthu zonse za pa TV zomwe zili pamsika mu 2024 zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa HDMI, ndipo HDMI yakhalanso chonyamulira chabwino kwambiri cha mitundu yapamwamba monga 4K, 8K, ndi HDR. Muyezo wa HDMI 2.1a wakwezedwanso: udzawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi ku zingwe ndipo umafuna kuyika ma chips muzipangizo zoyambira.

HDMI® Specification 2.1b ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa HDMI® Specification, womwe umathandizira makanema osiyanasiyana apamwamba komanso mitengo yotsitsimutsa, kuphatikiza 8K60 ndi 4K120, komanso ma resolution mpaka 10K. Umathandizanso mawonekedwe a dynamic HDR, ndi mphamvu ya bandwidth ikukwera kufika pa 48Gbps HDMI. Zingwe zatsopano za Ultra High Speed ​​​​HDMI zimathandizira bandwidth ya 48Gbps. Zingwe izi zimatsimikizira kuti pali zinthu zodziyimira pawokha za bandwidth yapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza makanema a 8K osakanizidwa ndi chithandizo cha HDR. Ali ndi EMI yotsika kwambiri (electromagnetic interference), yomwe imachepetsa kusokoneza ndi zida zopanda zingwe zapafupi. Zingwezi zimagwirizana ndi kumbuyo ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zida zomwe zilipo za HDMI.

Makhalidwe a HDMI 2.1b ndi awa:

Kanema wapamwamba kwambiri: Imatha kuthandizira ma resolution osiyanasiyana apamwamba komanso kutsitsimutsa mwachangu (kuphatikiza 8K60Hz ndi 4K120Hz), kupereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso tsatanetsatane wosavuta woyenda mwachangu. Imathandizira resolution yofika 10K, kukwaniritsa zosowa za AV zamalonda, mafakitale, ndi akatswiri.
HDR yosinthasintha imatsimikizira kuti chithunzi chilichonse komanso ngakhale chimango chilichonse cha kanemayo chikuwonetsa kuzama, tsatanetsatane, kuwala, kusiyana, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mapu a toni ozikidwa pa gwero (SBTM) ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a HDR. Kupatula pa mapu a HDR omwe amamalizidwa ndi chipangizo chowonetsera, zimathandizanso chipangizo choyambira kuchita gawo la mapu a HDR. SBTM ndi yothandiza kwambiri pophatikiza makanema a HDR ndi SDR kapena zithunzi kukhala chithunzi chimodzi, monga zithunzi-mu-chithunzi kapena malangizo a mapulogalamu ndi mawindo ophatikizidwa a makanema. SBTM imalolanso makompyuta ndi zida zamasewera kupanga zokha zizindikiro za HDR zabwino kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino luso la HDR la chiwonetserocho popanda kufunikira kusinthidwa kwa chipangizo choyambira pamanja.

Zingwe za HDMI zothamanga kwambiri zimatha kuthandizira ntchito ya HDMI 2.1b yosakanizidwa komanso bandwidth ya 48G yomwe imathandizira. EMI yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku zingwe ndi yotsika kwambiri. Zimagwirizananso ndi mitundu yakale ya muyezo wa HDMI ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zomwe zilipo za HDMI.
Mafotokozedwe a HDMI 2.1b amalowa m'malo mwa 2.0b, pomwe mafotokozedwe a 2.1a akupitilizabe kutanthauza ndikudalira mafotokozedwe a HDMI 1.4b.
Njira yodziwira zinthu za HDMI 2.1b
Mafotokozedwe a HDMI 2.1b akuphatikizapo chingwe chatsopano - Chingwe cha Ultra High-Speed ​​​​HDMI®. Ndi chingwe chokhacho chomwe chikutsatira mafotokozedwe okhwima, cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zonse za HDMI 2.1b zikuthandizira, kuphatikiza 8k@60 ndi 4K@120 zosakanizidwa. Mphamvu yowonjezera ya bandwidth ya chingwe ichi imathandizira mpaka 48Gbps. Zingwe zonse zotsimikizika zazitali zilizonse ziyenera kupambana mayeso a satifiketi a HDMI Forum Authorized Testing Center (Forum ATC). Chingwecho chikatsimikiziridwa, chiyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha satifiketi cha Ultra High-Speed ​​​​HDMI chomangiriridwa pa phukusi lililonse kapena gawo logulitsa, kuti ogula athe kutsimikizira momwe satifiketi ya chinthucho ilili. Kuti mudziwe chingwecho, onetsetsani kuti chizindikiro chofunikira cha satifiketi cha Ultra High-Speed ​​​​HDMI monga momwe chasonyezedwera pamwambapa chikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi. Dziwani kuti chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha dzina la chingwe chasindikizidwa pa chizindikirocho. Dzinali liyeneranso kuwonekera pa chivundikiro chakunja cha chingwecho. Kuti mutsimikizire ngati chingwecho chayesedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndipo chikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu HDMI 2.1b, mutha kusanthula QR code pa chizindikirocho pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotsimikizira chingwe cha HDMI yomwe ikupezeka mu Apple App Store, Google Play Store, ndi masitolo ena a mapulogalamu a Android.

Chingwe chodziwika bwino cha HDMI 2.1b chili ndi mawaya opindika 5 mkati mwa chingwecho, ndipo mtundu wakunja ndi wachikasu, lalanje, woyera, wofiira, ndipo pali magulu awiri olumikizira mawaya 6 onse, zomwe zimapangitsa mawaya 21 onse. Pakadali pano, mtundu wa mawaya a HDMI umasiyana kwambiri ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Kusakhazikika kwake kuli kopitilira muyeso. Opanga ena amatha kupanga zinthu zomalizidwa za mamita 3 ndi mawaya a 30AWG omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo ya EMI ndipo ali ndi bandwidth ya 18G, pomwe mawaya ena otulutsidwa ndi opanga ali ndi bandwidth ya 13.5G yokha, ena ali ndi bandwidth ya 10.2G yokha, ndipo ena ali ndi bandwidth ya 5G yokha. Mwamwayi, HDMI Association ili ndi tsatanetsatane, ndipo powayerekeza, munthu amatha kudziwa mtundu wa chingwecho. Tanthauzo la kapangidwe ka chingwe pakadali pano: waya wa aluminiyamu mu phukusi la 5P umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta ndi gulu limodzi la zizindikiro za DDC pama protocol olumikizirana. Ntchito za mawaya 7 amkuwa ndi awa: imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito CEC, ziwiri zobwezera mawu (ARC), gulu limodzi la zizindikiro za DDC (mawaya awiri apakati okhala ndi thovu ndi imodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aluminiyamu) yogwiritsira ntchito njira zolumikizirana. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana za zinthu ndi kuphatikiza ntchito zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka zipangizo za chingwe ndi kapangidwe kake kagwire ntchito kukhale kosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo wake komanso mitengo yake ikhale yokwera. Zachidziwikire, magwiridwe antchito a chingwecho amasiyananso kwambiri. Pansipa pali kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zina zoyenerera za chingwe.

Mtundu wokhazikika wa HDMI

Waya wakunja wa mkuwa ndi wolukidwa. Peyala imodzi imapangidwa ndi zinthu za Mylar ndi wosanjikiza wa aluminiyamu.

Mkati mwake mwakutidwa mwamphamvu ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Chivundikiro chachitsulo pamwamba chikachotsedwa, pamakhala tepi yachikasu yomatira yotentha kwambiri yomwe imaphimba mkati. Mukachotsa cholumikizira, zimawoneka kuti waya uliwonse mkati umalumikizidwa ndi chingwe cha data, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti "full pins". Makamaka, pamwamba pa mawonekedwe a chala chagolide pali wosanjikiza wa golide, ndipo kusiyana kwa mitengo ya zinthu zenizeni kuli m'zinthu izi.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe za HDMI 2.1b zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito pamsika, monga zingwe za Slim HDMI ndi OD 3.0mm HDMI, zomwe ndizoyenera kwambiri malo ocheperako komanso mawaya obisika;
Chingwe cha HDMI cha Angle Yakumanja (chigongono cha madigiri 90) ndi Chingwe cha HDMI cha 90 L/T, chomwe ndi chosavuta kulumikiza zida m'malo opapatiza;
Chingwe cha MINI HDMI (mtundu wa C) ndi Chingwe cha MICRO HDMI (mtundu wa D), choyenera zipangizo zonyamulika monga makamera ndi mapiritsi;
Zingwe zogwira ntchito bwino monga 8K HDMI, 48Gbps Spring HDMI, ndi zina zotero, zimaonetsetsa kuti kutumiza kwa bandwidth yapamwamba kwambiri kukhazikika;
Zipangizo zosinthika za HDMI ndi Spring HDMI zimakhala ndi kukana kupindika komanso kulimba;
Ma model a Slim 8K HDMI, MINI ndi MICRO okhala ndi zipolopolo zachitsulo amawonjezera chitetezo ndi kulimba kwa mawonekedwe, makamaka oyenera malo osokonezedwa kwambiri kapena ntchito zamafakitale.
Ogula akagula, kuwonjezera pa kuzindikira chizindikiro cha HDMI chofulumira kwambiri, ayeneranso kuphatikiza mtundu wawo wa mawonekedwe a chipangizo (monga ngati pakufunika HDMI yaying'ono kupita ku HDMI kapena micro HDMI kupita ku HDMI) ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito (monga ngati pakufunika kapangidwe ka ngodya yakumanja kapena kopyapyala) kuti asankhe chingwe choyenera kwambiri cha HDMI 2.1b kuti atsimikizire kuti chikugwira ntchito bwino komanso chikugwirizana bwino.