Kuwunikira mwachidule kwa HDMI 2.1b Kufotokozera
Kwa okonda ma audio ndi makanema, zida zodziwika bwino mosakayikira ndi zingwe za HDMI ndi zolumikizira. Chiyambireni kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wa 1.0 wa mafotokozedwe a HDMI mu 2002, patha zaka 20. Pazaka zapitazi za 20-kuphatikiza, HDMI yakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zomvera ndi makanema. Malinga ndi zolemba za boma, kuchuluka kwa zida za HDMI zafika mayunitsi 11 biliyoni, omwe ndi ofanana ndi zida ziwiri za HDMI pamunthu padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino waukulu wa HDMI ndikufanana kwa muyezo wake. Pazaka zapitazi za 20, kukula kwakuthupi kwa mawonekedwe a HDMI sikunasinthe, ndipo pulogalamu ya pulogalamuyo yakwaniritsa kuyanjana kwathunthu kumbuyo. Izi ndizosavuta makamaka kwa zida zazikulu zapakhomo zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ma TV. Ngakhale TV kunyumba ndi chitsanzo chakale kuchokera zaka khumi zapitazo, izo zikhoza kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi atsopano m'badwo wotsatira masewera amatonthoza popanda kufunikira kwa adaputala. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, HDMI yasintha mwachangu chigawo chapitachi kanema, AV, audio, ndi mawonekedwe ena pawailesi yakanema ndipo yakhala mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri pa TV. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zinthu zonse zapa kanema wawayilesi pamsika mu 2024 zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa HDMI, ndipo HDMI yakhalanso chonyamulira chabwino kwambiri chamitundu yodziwika bwino monga 4K, 8K, ndi HDR. Muyezo wa HDMI 2.1a wakwezedwanso: udzawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi ku zingwe ndipo umafunika kuyika tchipisi pazida zoyambira.
HDMI® Specification 2.1b ndiye mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa HDMI® Specification, womwe umathandizira mavidiyo angapo apamwamba komanso mitengo yotsitsimutsa, kuphatikiza 8K60 ndi 4K120, komanso malingaliro mpaka 10K. Imathandiziranso mawonekedwe amphamvu a HDR, okhala ndi mphamvu ya bandwidth ikukwera mpaka 48Gbps HDMI. Zingwe zatsopano za Ultra High Speed HDMI zimathandizira 48Gbps bandwidth. Zingwezi zimatsimikizira kuperekedwa kwa mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha a bandwidth apamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza kanema wa 8K wosakanizidwa ndi chithandizo cha HDR. Amakhala ndi EMI yotsika kwambiri (electromagnetic interference), amachepetsa kusokonezedwa ndi zida zopanda zingwe zapafupi. Zingwezi ndizogwirizana kumbuyo ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi zida za HDMI zomwe zilipo.
Mawonekedwe a HDMI 2.1b ndi awa:
Makanema apamwamba kwambiri: Imatha kuthandizira kusagwirizana kwapamwamba komanso mitengo yotsitsimula mwachangu (kuphatikiza 8K60Hz ndi 4K120Hz), kupereka mwayi wowonera mozama komanso zambiri zoyenda mwachangu. Imathandizira kukonza mpaka 10K, kukwaniritsa zosowa zamalonda a AV, mafakitale, ndi ntchito zamaluso.
Dynamic HDR imawonetsetsa kuti chowoneka chilichonse komanso mawonekedwe aliwonse a kanema amawonetsa kuya, tsatanetsatane, kuwala, kusiyanitsa, komanso mtundu wokulirapo.
Mapu amtundu wotengera magwero (SBTM) ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a HDR. Kupatula kupanga mapu a HDR omalizidwa ndi chipangizo chowonetsera, kumathandizanso kuti chipangizocho chizitha kuchita mbali ya mapu a HDR. SBTM ndiyothandiza makamaka pophatikiza mavidiyo a HDR ndi SDR kapena zithunzi mu chithunzi chimodzi, monga chithunzi-pa-chithunzi kapena maupangiri apulogalamu okhala ndi mawindo ophatikizika amakanema. SBTM imalolanso ma PC ndi zida zamasewera kuti zizipanga zokha ma siginecha okongoletsedwa a HDR kuti apindule kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa HDR pachiwonetsero popanda kufunikira kosintha pamanja pa chipangizo choyambira.
Zingwe za HDMI zothamanga kwambiri zimatha kuthandizira ntchito yosakanizidwa ya HDMI 2.1b ndi 48G bandwidth yomwe imathandizira. EMI yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku zingwe ndizotsika kwambiri. Amakhalanso m'mbuyo amagwirizana ndi mitundu yakale ya HDMI ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zipangizo zomwe zilipo kale za HDMI.
Mafotokozedwe a HDMI 2.1b amalowa m'malo mwa 2.0b, pamene 2.1a ikupitirizabe kutchula ndi kudalira mafotokozedwe a HDMI 1.4b. HDMI®
Njira yozindikiritsira zinthu za HDMI 2.1b
Kufotokozera kwa HDMI 2.1b kumaphatikizapo chingwe chatsopano - Ultra High-Speed HDMI® Cable. Ndi chingwe chokhacho chomwe chimatsatira mfundo zokhazikika, ndicholinga chowonetsetsa kuti ntchito zonse za HDMI 2.1b zikuthandizira, kuphatikiza 8k@60 ndi 4K@120 yosakanizidwa. Kukula kwa bandwidth kwa chingwechi kumathandizira mpaka 48Gbps. Zingwe zonse zovomerezeka zautali uliwonse ziyenera kudutsa mayeso a certification a HDMI Forum Authorized Testing Center (Forum ATC). Chitsimikizochi chikatsimikiziridwa, chingwecho chiyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha Ultra High-Speed HDMI chokhazikika pa phukusi lililonse kapena gawo la malonda, kuti ogula athe kutsimikizira momwe katunduyo alili. Kuti muzindikire chingwecho, onetsetsani kuti cholembera cha certification cha Ultra High-Speed HDMI monga momwe tawonetsera pamwambapa chikuwonetsedwa. Dziwani kuti chizindikiro cha dzina la chingwe chasindikizidwa palembapo. Dzinali liyeneranso kuwonekera pachimake chakunja cha chingwe. Kuti mutsimikize ngati chingwecho chayesedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndipo chikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a HDMI 2.1b, mutha kuyang'ana kachidindo ka QR pa lebulolo pogwiritsa ntchito chiphaso cha satifiketi ya chingwe cha HDMI chopezeka mu Apple App Store, Google Play Store, ndi malo ena ogulitsira a Android.
Chingwe chokhazikika chamtundu wa HDMI 2.1b chili ndi ma 5 awiri a mawaya opotoka mkati mwa chingwe, ndi mtundu wakunja wotsatizana kukhala wachikasu, lalanje, woyera, wofiira, ndipo pali magulu a 2 ogwirizanitsa mawaya onse a 6, kupanga mawaya onse a 21. Pakalipano, khalidwe la zingwe za HDMI zimasiyana kwambiri ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Chisokonezocho n'choposa kuganiza. Opanga ena amatha kupanga zinthu zomalizidwa za mita 3 ndi mawaya a 30AWG omwe amakwaniritsa miyezo ya EMI ndipo amakhala ndi bandwidth ya 18G, pomwe mawaya opangidwa ndi opanga ena ali ndi bandwidth ya 13.5G yokha, ena amakhala ndi 10.2G yokha, ndipo ena amakhala ndi bandwidth ya 5G yokha. Mwamwayi, HDMI Association ili ndi tsatanetsatane, ndipo powafanizira, munthu akhoza kudziwa mtundu wa chingwe. Tanthauzo lamakono la chingwe: waya wa aluminiyumu wojambula mu phukusi la 5P amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta ndi gulu limodzi la zizindikiro za DDC pazolumikizana. Ntchito za mawaya a 7 amkuwa ndi: imodzi yopangira mphamvu, imodzi ya ntchito ya CEC, iwiri yobwerera kwa audio (ARC), gulu limodzi la ma siginecha a DDC (mawaya awiri apakati okhala ndi thovu ndi waya wapansi wokhala ndi zotchinga zotayidwa za aluminiyamu) pazolumikizana. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi ndi kuphatikiza kwa ntchito kumapangitsa kuti zida za chingwe ndi kapangidwe kake kakhale kosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo wake komanso kuchuluka kwamitengo. Zachidziwikire, magwiridwe antchito a chingwe amasiyananso kwambiri. Pansipa pali kuwonongeka kwazinthu zina zama chingwe.
Mtundu wokhazikika wa HDMI
Waya wamkuwa wakunja kwambiri ndi woluka. Awiri awiriwa amapangidwa ndi zinthu za Mylar ndi chojambula cha aluminiyamu.
Mkati mwake amakulungidwa mwamphamvu ndi chivundikiro chotchinga chachitsulo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pamene chivundikiro chachitsulo pamwamba chichotsedwa, pali tepi yomatira yachikasu yachikasu yomwe imaphimba mkati. Pochotsa cholumikizira, zitha kuwoneka kuti waya uliwonse mkati umalumikizidwa ndi chingwe cha data, chomwe chimatchedwanso "mapini athunthu". Makamaka, pamwamba pa mawonekedwe a chala cha golide ali ndi golide wopangira golide, ndipo kusiyana kwa mtengo wazinthu zenizeni kumakhala mwatsatanetsatane.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chingwe cha HDMI 2.1b yomwe imakumana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito pamsika, monga Slim HDMI ndi OD 3.0mm HDMI zingwe, zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri pamipata yosakanikirana ndi mawaya obisika;
Right Angle HDMI (90-degree elbow) ndi 90 L/T HDMI Cable, yomwe ili yabwino kulumikiza zida m'malo opapatiza;
MINI HDMI Cable (C-mtundu) ndi MICRO HDMI Cable (D-mtundu), yoyenera zipangizo zonyamula katundu monga makamera ndi mapiritsi;
Zingwe zogwira ntchito kwambiri monga 8K HDMI, 48Gbps Spring HDMI, ndi zina zotero, zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kutumiza kwa ultra-high bandwidth;
Zida zosinthika za HDMI ndi Spring HDMI zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kupindika ndi kulimba;
Mitundu ya Slim 8K HDMI, MINI ndi MICRO yokhala ndi zipolopolo zachitsulo zimapititsa patsogolo chitetezo ndi kulimba kwa mawonekedwe, makamaka oyenera malo osokoneza kwambiri kapena ntchito zamafakitale.
Ogula akagula, kuwonjezera pa kuzindikira chizindikiro cha certification cha HDMI chothamanga kwambiri, ayeneranso kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a chipangizo chawo (monga ngati HDMI yaying'ono kupita ku HDMI kapena yaying'ono HDMI kupita ku HDMI ikufunika) ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito (monga ngati ngodya yolondola kapena yocheperako ikufunika) kuti asankhe chingwe choyenera kwambiri cha HDMI 2.1b kuti awonetsetse kuti akugwira bwino ntchito ndi 2.1b.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-20-2025
