Zingwe zosiyana za USB4

Universal Serial Bus (USB) mwina ndi imodzi mwa ma interfaces osinthika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Poyamba idayambitsidwa ndi Intel ndi Microsoft ndipo ili ndi ma plug and play otentha momwe zingathere. Kuyambira pomwe USB interface idayambitsidwa mu 1994, patatha zaka 26 ikupangidwa, kudzera mu USB 1.0/1.1, USB2.0, USB 3.x, idapangidwanso kukhala USB4 yapano; Kuchuluka kwa ma transmission kwawonjezekanso kuchoka pa 1.5Mbps kufika pa 40Gbps yaposachedwa. Pakadali pano, osati mafoni anzeru omwe adangotulutsidwa kumene omwe amathandizira mawonekedwe a Type-C, komanso makompyuta a notebook, makamera a digito, ma speaker anzeru, zida zamagetsi zam'manja ndi zida zina zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a TYPE-C a USB, omwe alowetsedwa bwino m'munda wamagalimoto. M'malo mwa USB-A, Tesla's Model 3 yatsopano ili ndi ma ports a usB-C, ndipo Apple yasintha ma MacBooks ake ndi AirPods Pro kukhala ma ports a USB Type-C enieni kuti atumize deta ndikuchaja. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi zofunikira za EU, Apple idzagwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe a USB type-c mu iPhone15 yamtsogolo, ndipo mosakayikira USB4 idzakhala mawonekedwe akuluakulu azinthu pamsika wamtsogolo.

Zofunikira pa zingwe za USB4

Kusintha kwakukulu mu USB4 yatsopano ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa protocol ya Thunderbolt yomwe Intel idagawana ndi usb-if. Ikuyenda pa maulalo awiri, bandwidth imawirikiza kawiri kufika pa 40Gbps, ndipo Tunneling imathandizira ma data ndi ma protocol ambiri owonetsera. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo PCI Express ndi DisplayPort. Kuphatikiza apo, USB4 imasunga mgwirizano wabwino ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa protocol yatsopano, kukhala yogwirizana ndi USB3.2/3.1/3.0/2.0, komanso Thunderbolt 3. Zotsatira zake, USB4 yakhala muyezo wovuta kwambiri wa USB mpaka pano, womwe umafuna opanga kuti amvetsetse ma USB4, USB3.2, USB2.0, USB Type-C ndi USB Power Delivery. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ayenera kumvetsetsa ma PCI Express ndi DisplayPort, komanso ukadaulo wa HIGH-DEFINITION content protection (HDCP) womwe umagwirizana ndi USB4 DisplayPort mode, ndipo zingwe ndi zolumikizira zomwe tikudziwa bwino zili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi pazinthu zomalizidwa ndi chingwe cha USB4.

Mtundu wa USB4 wa coaxial unangobwera mwadzidzidzi

Mu nthawi ya USB3.1 10G, opanga ambiri adagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka coaxial kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma frequency apamwamba. Mtundu wa Coaxial sunagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mndandanda wa USB kale, zochitika zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka Notebook, foni yam'manja, GPS, chida choyezera, ukadaulo wa Bluetooth, ndi zina zotero. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa chingwe ndi mzere wa coaxial wazachipatala, mzere wamagetsi wa teflon coaxial, waya wa coaxial wa wailesi pafupipafupi, ndi zina zotero, ndi zofunikira pakulamulira mtengo wochuluka pamsika, mu nthawi ya USB3.1 yolumikizana kuti ikwaniritse magwiridwe antchito a chinthucho mwachangu imatenga msika, koma ndi msika wa USB4 wa zofunikira pakutumiza ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo waya wofunikira pakutumiza mwachangu uli ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza komanso kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Pofuna kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa kutumiza ma frequency apamwamba, USB4 yomwe ilipo pakadali pano ndiyo mtundu waukulu wa coaxial, njira yopanga ndi kupanga ma coaxial ndi njira yovuta, kuti tithetse kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency apamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumafuna zida zoyenera zopangira ndi njira yokhwima komanso yokhazikika yopanga. Pakupanga zinthu, kusankha zinthu, magawo a njira ndi kuwongolera njira, magawo amagetsi a mayeso apadera a labotale amachita gawo lofunikira, munthawi yonse ya chitukuko cha kapangidwe ka coaxial, kuwonjezera pa (mtengo wazinthu, mtengo wokonza) zina ndizabwino, koma chitukuko cha msika nthawi zonse chimazungulira momwe mungakwaniritsire mtengo waukulu kwambiri, Pair of twist version nthawi zonse yakhala ili mumpata wa kafukufuku wa chitukuko cha coaxial ndi chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo.

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka mzere wa coaxial, kuyambira mkati mpaka kunja, motsatana: kondakitala wapakati, wosanjikiza woteteza, wosanjikiza wakunja woyendetsa (maukonde achitsulo), khungu la waya. Chingwe cha coaxial ndi chopangidwa ndi ma conductor awiri. Waya wapakati wa chingwe cha coaxial umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza zizindikiro. Ukonde woteteza zitsulo umagwira ntchito ziwiri: woyamba ndikupereka kuzungulira kwamagetsi kwa chizindikirocho ngati malo ogwirizana, ndipo wina ndi kuletsa kusokonezedwa kwa phokoso lamagetsi kupita ku chizindikirocho ngati ukonde woteteza. Waya wapakati ndi netiweki yoteteza pakati pa wosanjikiza wa polypropylene woteteza theka, wosanjikiza woteteza umatsimikiza mawonekedwe a chingwecho, ndipo umateteza bwino waya wapakati, wokwera mtengo ndi chifukwa chokwera mtengo.

Mtundu wa USB4 twisted pair ukubwera?

Pamene ma circuit amagetsi amagwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba, makhalidwe amagetsi a zida zamagetsi zimakhala zovuta kuzidziwa. Pamene kukula kwa gawo kapena kukula konse kwa dera poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa mafunde a ma frequency operating kuli kokulirapo kuposa kamodzi, mtengo wa inductance capacitance wa dera, kapena zigawo zake, mphamvu ya parasitic ya zinthu zakuthupi ndi zina zotero, ngakhale pamene tinkagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka waya, kuyesa kwa ma frequency parameters oyambira sikungakwaniritse zofunikira za makasitomala, ndipo kusinthasintha kuposa mtundu wa coaxial wa kapangidwe ndi m'mimba mwake kuli kutali, Nchifukwa chiyani sindingathe kugwiritsa ntchito USB ya awiriwa m'magulu? Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito chingwe, kutalika kwa mafunde a chizindikiro kumakhala kochepa, komanso kuchepa kwa ma skew pitch, kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Komabe, ma splicing pitch ochepa kwambiri amabweretsa kupanga kochepa komanso kusweka kwa waya wotetezedwa. Ma point a line pair ndi ochepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa torsion ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kupsinjika kwa torsion pa gawolo kumakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa insulation layer, ndipo pamapeto pake zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa electromagnetic field, zomwe zimakhudza zizindikiro zina zamagetsi monga SRL value ndi attenuation. Ngati pali kusinthasintha kwa kutenthetsa, mtunda pakati pa ma conductor umasintha nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa cha kusintha ndi kuzungulira kwa mzere umodzi wotetezera kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impedance isinthe nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi yosinthasintha ndi yayitali. Mu kutumiza pafupipafupi kwambiri, kusintha pang'onopang'ono kumeneku kumatha kuzindikirika ndi mafunde amagetsi ndikukhudza mtengo wobwerera. Mtundu wa USB4 pair sungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu.

Osati pansi, koma sindikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito coaxial yanu ya imfa, kotero anthu anayamba kutsimikizira kusiyana kwa njira zotetezera za USB4 zochitira izi, kuti apotoze vuto lalikulu ndi kondakitala wopotoka mosavuta, ndipo kusiyana ndi paketi yofanana mwachindunji pa ntchito ya kusukulu, pewani kusweka kwa kondakitala, monga tonse tikudziwira, pakadali pano IMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO kusiyana kwa SAS, SFP + etc zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mzere wothamanga kwambiri, Zokwanira kusonyeza kuti magwiridwe ake ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa mtundu wosweka, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mzere wa data wothamanga kwambiri ndikutumiza zizindikiro za data, koma tikazigwiritsa ntchito mozungulira zitha kuwoneka mitundu yonse yazidziwitso zosokoneza. Tiyeni tiganizire ngati zizindikiro zosokoneza izi zilowa mu kondakitala wamkati wa mzere wa data ndikuyika chizindikiro choyambirira chotumizidwa, kodi n'zotheka kusokoneza kapena kusintha chizindikiro choyambirira chotumizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiro chothandiza chitayike kapena mavuto? Ndipo kusiyana kwa wosanjikiza wa aluminiyamu ndi kutumiza uthenga kwa ife kuti ugwire ntchito ngati choteteza ndi choteteza, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa zizindikiro zakunja zodziyimira pawokha kuti zitumizidwe, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lamba wa phukusi ndi chokokera cha aluminiyamu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutseka ndi kutchingira kwa aluminiyamu, chophimba cha mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri pa filimu ya pulasitiki, lu: su composite foil yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chishango cha chingwe. Chishango cha chingwe chimafuna mafuta ochepa pamwamba, palibe mabowo ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakanika. Njira yokulunga ndikusonkhanitsa mawaya awiri otetezedwa ndi mawaya pansi pamodzi kudzera mu makina okutira. Nthawi yomweyo, wosanjikiza wa aluminiyamu ndi wosanjikiza wa tepi ya polyester yodzimatira pa buledi wakunja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchingira waya ndikukhazikitsa kapangidwe ka mawaya omangira. Njirayi ikukhudza kwambiri katundu wa waya, kuphatikizapo impedance, kusiyana kwa kuchedwa, kuchepa, chifukwa izi ziyenera kupanga mosamala malinga ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo, kuyesa katundu wamagetsi, kuti zitsimikizire kuti waya womangira ukugwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunikira. Zachidziwikire, si mizere yonse ya deta yomwe ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zoteteza. Ena ali ndi zigawo zingapo, ena ali ndi wosanjikiza umodzi wokha, kapena palibe konse. Kuteteza ndi njira yolekanitsira madera awiri a mlengalenga kuti azitha kulamulira kulowetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa mafunde amagetsi, maginito ndi maginito kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina. Kunena zoona, pakati pa kondakitala pamakhala chotchingira kuti asakhudzidwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi/kusokoneza kwa magetsi, komanso kuti mphamvu yamagetsi/chizindikiritso cha magetsi chisafalikire kunja. Kuyesa kwa chizindikiro cha USB differential pair chapamwamba kungakhale kofanana ndi coaxial, differential pair chingwe cha USB4 chikubwera.