Chiyambi cha USB 4

Chiyambi cha USB 4

USB4 ndi makina a USB omwe atchulidwa mu USB4. Bungwe la USB Developers Forum linatulutsa mtundu wake wa 1.0 pa Ogasiti 29, 2019. Dzina lonse la USB4 ndi Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Limachokera ku ukadaulo wotumizira deta "Thunderbolt 3" womwe unapangidwa pamodzi ndi Intel ndi Apple. Liwiro lotumizira deta la USB4 limatha kufika pa 40 Gbps, lomwe ndi liwiro lowirikiza kawiri kuposa USB 3.2 (Gen2×2) yomwe yatulutsidwa posachedwapa.

Mosiyana ndi miyezo yakale ya protocol ya USB, USB4 imafuna cholumikizira cha USB-C ndipo imafuna thandizo la USB PD kuti ipereke magetsi. Poyerekeza ndi USB 3.2, imalola kupanga ma tunnel a DisplayPort ndi PCI Express. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafotokoza njira yogawana ulalo umodzi wothamanga kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya zida zama terminal, zomwe zimatha kusamalira bwino kutumiza deta malinga ndi mtundu ndi ntchito. Zogulitsa za USB4 ziyenera kuthandizira kutulutsa kwa 20 Gbit/s ndipo zimatha kuthandizira kutulutsa kwa 40 Gbit/s. Komabe, chifukwa cha kutumiza kwa tunnel, potumiza deta yosakanikirana, ngakhale deta itatumizidwa pamlingo wa 20 Gbit/s, kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa kutumiza deta kungakhale kokwera kuposa kwa USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).

USB4 yagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: 20Gbps ndi 40Gbps. Zipangizo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a USB4 zomwe zilipo pamsika zitha kupereka liwiro la 40Gbps la Thunderbolt 3 kapena mtundu wocheperako wa 20Gbps. Ngati mukufuna kugula chipangizo chomwe chili ndi liwiro lalikulu kwambiri lotumizira, ndiko kuti, 40Gbps, ndibwino kuyang'ana zofunikira musanagule. Pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kutumiza mwachangu kwambiri, kusankha USB 3.1 C TO C yoyenera ndikofunikira chifukwa ndiyo chonyamulira chofunikira kwambiri kuti chifike pa liwiro la 40Gbps.

Anthu ambiri amasokonezeka ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa USB4 ndi Thunderbolt 4. Ndipotu, Thunderbolt 4 ndi USB4 zonse zimapangidwa kutengera njira yoyambira ya Thunderbolt 3. Zimathandizana ndipo zimagwirizana. Ma interface onse ndi a Type-C, ndipo liwiro lalikulu ndi 40 Gbps pa zonse ziwiri.

Choyamba, Chingwe cha USB4 chomwe tikunenachi ndi muyezo wotumizira wa USB, womwe ndi protocol specification yokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a USB transmission. USB4 ikhoza kumveka ngati "m'badwo wachinayi" wa specification iyi.

Ndondomeko yotumizira ma USB inakonzedwa pamodzi ndi makampani angapo kuphatikizapo Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, ndi Nortel mu 1994. Inatulutsidwa ngati mtundu wa USB V0.7 pa Novembala 11, 1994. Pambuyo pake, makampaniwa adakhazikitsa bungwe lopanda phindu kuti lilimbikitse ndikuthandizira USB mu 1995, lotchedwa USB Implementers Forum, lomwe ndi USB-IF yodziwika bwino, ndipo USB-IF tsopano ndi bungwe lokhazikitsa ma USB standardization.

Mu 1996, USB-IF idapereka mwalamulo malangizo a USB1.0. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa USB1.0 komwe kumatumizidwa kunali 1.5 Mbps yokha, mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa inali 5V/500mA, ndipo panthawiyo, panali zida zochepa kwambiri zolumikizirana ndi USB, kotero opanga ma motherboard nthawi zambiri sankapanga mwachindunji ma USB interfaces pa motherboard.

▲USB 1.0

Mu Seputembala 1998, USB-IF inatulutsa mawonekedwe a USB 1.1. Kuchuluka kwa ma transmission kunawonjezeka kufika pa 12 Mbps nthawi ino, ndipo zina mwazidziwitso zaukadaulo mu USB 1.0 zinakonzedwa. Mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa inali 5V/500mA.

Mu Epulo 2000, muyezo wa USB 2.0 unayambitsidwa, ndi liwiro lotumizira la 480 Mbps, lomwe ndi 60MB/s. Ndi nthawi 40 kuposa wa USB 1.1. Mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa ndi 5V/500mA, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka ma pin 4. USB 2.0 ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano ndipo inganenedwe kuti ndiyo muyezo wa USB womwe umakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

Kuyambira pa USB 2.0, USB-IF yawonetsa "luso lawo lapadera" pakusintha mayina.

Mu June 2003, USB-IF inasintha dzina la USB kukhala USB 2.0 Low-Speed, USB 1.1 kukhala USB 2.0 Full-Speed, ndi USB 2.0 kukhala USB 2.0 High-Speed.

Komabe, kusintha kumeneku sikunakhudze kwambiri momwe zinthu zilili panthawiyo, chifukwa USB 1.0 ndi 1.1 zasiya ntchito m'mbiri.

Mu Novembala 2008, Gulu Lothandizira la USB 3.0, lopangidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu monga Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, ndi ST-NXP, linamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo wa USB 3.0 ndipo linautulutsa pagulu. Dzina lovomerezeka lomwe linaperekedwa linali "SuperSpeed". Gulu Lothandizira la USB ndilo makamaka lomwe limayang'anira kupanga ndi kupanga miyezo ya USB, ndipo miyezoyo pamapeto pake idzaperekedwa kwa USB-IF kuti iyang'anire.

Kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kwa USB 3.0 kumafika pa 5.0 Gbps, komwe ndi 640MB/s. Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yayikulu ndi 5V/900mA. Imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi 2.0 ndipo imathandizira kutumiza deta yonse ya duplex (mwachitsanzo, imatha kulandira ndikutumiza deta nthawi imodzi, pomwe USB 2.0 ndi theka la duplex), komanso ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zoyendetsera mphamvu ndi zina.

USB 3.0 imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka ma pin 9. Ma pin anayi oyamba ndi ofanana ndi a USB 2.0, pomwe ma pin 5 otsalawo adapangidwira makamaka USB 3.0. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziwa ngati ndi USB 2.0 kapena USB 3.0 pogwiritsa ntchito ma pin.

Mu Julayi 2013, USB 3.1 idatulutsidwa, ndi liwiro lotumizira la 10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), zomwe zimati ndi SuperSpeed+, ndipo magetsi ochulukirapo omwe amaloledwa adakwezedwa kufika pa 20V/5A, omwe ndi 100W.

Kusintha kwa USB 3.1 poyerekeza ndi USB 3.0 kunali koonekeratu. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi yaitali, USB-IF inasintha dzina kukhala USB 3.0 kukhala USB 3.1 Gen1, ndi USB 3.1 kukhala USB 3.1 Gen2.

Kusintha dzina kumeneku kunabweretsa mavuto kwa ogula chifukwa amalonda ambiri osakhulupirika ankalemba zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi USB 3.1 m'mapaketi popanda kusonyeza ngati ndi Gen1 kapena Gen2. Ndipotu, momwe awiriwa amagwirira ntchito ndi osiyana kwambiri, ndipo ogula angagwere mumsampha mwangozi. Chifukwa chake, kusintha dzina kumeneku kunali koipa kwa ogula ambiri.

Mu Seputembala 2017, USB 3.2 idatulutsidwa. Pansi pa USB Type-C, imathandizira njira ziwiri za 10 Gbps zotumizira deta, ndi liwiro la mpaka 20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), ndipo mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa ikadali 20V/5A. Mbali zina zili ndi kusintha pang'ono.

▲Njira yosinthira dzina la USB

Komabe, mu 2019, USB-IF inasintha dzina lina. Anasintha dzina la USB 3.1 Gen1 (yomwe inali USB 3.0 yoyambirira) kukhala USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yomwe inali USB 3.1 yoyambirira) kukhala USB 3.2 Gen2, ndi USB 3.2 kukhala USB 3.2 Gen2.

Tsopano ndi Mtsogolo: Kupita Patsogolo kwa USB4

Tsopano popeza tafika pa USB4, tiyeni tiwone zosintha ndi kusintha kwa muyezo watsopano wa protocol uwu. Choyamba, popeza ndi kukweza kwa mibadwo yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa "3″ mpaka "4″," kusinthaku kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu.

Kutengera ndi zonse zomwe tasonkhanitsa, mawonekedwe atsopano a USB4 afupikitsidwa motere:

1. Liwiro lalikulu la kutumiza ma virus ndi 40 Gbps:

Kudzera mu kutumiza kwa ma channel awiri, liwiro lalikulu kwambiri la kutumiza kwa USB4 liyenera kufika pa 40 Gbps, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi la Thunderbolt 3 (lomwe limatchedwa "Thunderbolt 3″ pansipa).

Ndipotu, USB4 idzakhala ndi ma transmission speed atatu: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, ndi 40 Gbps. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kugula chipangizo chomwe chili ndi transmission speed yapamwamba kwambiri, kutanthauza 40 Gbps, muyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zafotokozedwa musanagule.

2. Yogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a Thunderbolt 3:

Zipangizo zina (osati zonse) za USB4 zithanso kugwirizana ndi ma interface a Thunderbolt 3. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati chipangizo chanu chili ndi mawonekedwe a USB4, zingathekenso kulumikiza chipangizo cha Thunderbolt 3 kunja. Komabe, izi sizofunikira. Kaya chikugwirizana kapena ayi zimadalira momwe wopanga chipangizocho alili.

3. Mphamvu yogawa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito bandwidth:

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito doko la USB4 pamene mukuligwiritsanso ntchito kulumikiza chiwonetsero ndi kusamutsa deta, dokolo lidzagawa bandwidth yofanana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kanemayo amangofunika 20% ya bandwidth kuti ayendetse chiwonetsero cha 1080p, ndiye kuti 80% yotsala ya bandwidth ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zina. Izi sizinali zotheka mu USB 3.2 ndi nthawi zam'mbuyomu. Zisanachitike izi, njira yogwirira ntchito ya USB inali yosinthana.

4. Zipangizo za USB4 zonse zidzathandiza USB PD

USB PD ndi USB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), yomwe ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zochapira mwachangu. Inapangidwanso ndi bungwe la USB-IF. Izi zitha kukhala ndi ma voltage ndi ma current okwera, pomwe mphamvu yayikulu yotumizira imafika mpaka 100W, ndipo njira yotumizira mphamvu imatha kusinthidwa mosavuta.

Malinga ndi malamulo a USB-IF, mawonekedwe wamba a mawonekedwe a USB PD omwe alipo pano ayenera kukhala USB Type-C. Mu mawonekedwe a USB Type-C, pali ma pin awiri, CC1 ndi CC2, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza njira zolumikizirana za PD.

5. Chida cholumikizira cha USB Type-C chokha ndi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito

Ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali pamwambapa, ndikwachibadwa kuti tingadziwenso kuti USB4 imagwira ntchito kudzera mu zolumikizira za USB Type-C zokha. Ndipotu, si USB PD yokha, komanso mu miyezo ina yaposachedwa ya USB-IF, imagwira ntchito pa Type-C yokha.

6. Ikhoza kugwirizana ndi ma protocol akale

USB4 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi zida ndi madoko a USB 3 ndi USB 2. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ikhoza kugwirizana ndi miyezo yakale ya protocol. Komabe, USB 1.0 ndi 1.1 sizikuthandizidwa. Pakadali pano, ma interfaces omwe amagwiritsa ntchito protocol iyi atsala pang'ono kutha pamsika.

Zachidziwikire, polumikiza chipangizo cha USB4 ku doko la USB 3.2, sichingatumize uthenga pa liwiro la 40 Gbps. Ndipo mawonekedwe akale a USB 2 sadzafulumira chifukwa cholumikizidwa ku mawonekedwe a USB4.