USB 4 Chiyambi

USB 4 Chiyambi

USB4 ndi kachitidwe ka USB kamene kamafotokozedwa mumayendedwe a USB4. Bungwe la USB Developers Forum linatulutsa mtundu wake wa 1.0 pa Ogasiti 29, 2019. Dzina lonse la USB4 ndi Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Zimatengera luso la kutumiza deta "Thunderbolt 3" yopangidwa pamodzi ndi Intel ndi Apple. Liwiro lotumizira deta la USB4 likhoza kufika ku 40 Gbps, lomwe liri kawiri kawiri liwiro la 3 × 2 latulutsidwa USB (Gen2 × 2).

Mosiyana ndi miyezo yam'mbuyomu ya USB, USB4 imafuna cholumikizira cha USB-C ndipo imafunikira thandizo la USB PD kuti ipereke mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi USB 3.2, imalola kupanga ma tunnel a DisplayPort ndi PCI Express. Zomangamangazi zimatanthauzira njira yogawana ulalo umodzi wothamanga kwambiri wokhala ndi mitundu ingapo yazida zama terminal, zomwe zimatha kuyendetsa bwino kufalitsa kwa data ndi mtundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Zogulitsa za USB4 ziyenera kuthandizira kupitilira kwa 20 Gbit/s ndipo zitha kuthandizira 40 Gbit/s. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa tunnel, potumiza deta yosakanizidwa, ngakhale deta ikaperekedwa pa mlingo wa 20 Gbit / s, chiwerengero chenichenicho chotumizira deta chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba kuposa cha USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).

USB4 imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: 20Gbps ndi 40Gbps. Zida zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a USB4 omwe amapezeka pamsika atha kupereka liwiro la 40Gbps la Thunderbolt 3 kapena mtundu wocheperako wa 20Gbps. Ngati mukufuna kugula chipangizo chothamanga kwambiri, ndiko kuti, 40Gbps, ndi bwino kuyang'ana zomwe zatchulidwa musanagule. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kutumizirana mwachangu, kusankha USB 3.1 C TO C yoyenera ndikofunikira chifukwa ndiye chonyamulira chachikulu kuti mukwaniritse mulingo wa 40Gbps.

Anthu ambiri amasokonezeka ponena za mgwirizano pakati pa USB4 ndi Bingu 4. Ndipotu, Bingu 4 ndi USB4 zimamangidwa motsatira ndondomeko ya pansi pa Bingu 3. Zimathandizana ndipo zimagwirizana. Ma interfaces onse ndi Type-C, ndipo liwiro lalikulu ndi 40 Gbps kwa onse awiri.

Choyamba, Chingwe cha USB4 chomwe tikunena ndi mulingo wotumizira wa USB, womwe ndi ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito a USB. USB4 ikhoza kumveka ngati "m'badwo wachinayi" wa izi.

Pulogalamu yotumizira ya USB idapangidwa pamodzi ndikupangidwa ndi makampani angapo kuphatikiza Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, ndi Nortel mu 1994. Idatulutsidwa ngati mtundu wa USB V0.7 pa Novembara 11, 1994. Pambuyo pake, makampaniwa adakhazikitsa bungwe lopanda phindu kuti lilimbikitse ndikuthandizira USB mu 1995, lotchedwa USB Implementers ndi USB standard-IF bungwe tsopano ndi USB Implementers-IF bungwe lodziwika bwino la USB-IF.

Mu 1996, USB-IF inanena mwalamulo za USB1.0. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa kutumizira kwa USB1.0 kunali 1.5 Mbps kokha, kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku kunali 5V/500mA, ndipo panthawiyo, zida zotumphukira zinali zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira USB, kotero opanga ma boardboard samakonda kupanga mwachindunji mawonekedwe a USB pa boardboard.

▲ USB 1.0

Mu Seputembala 1998, USB-IF idatulutsa mawonekedwe a USB 1.1. Mlingo wotumizira udakwezedwa mpaka 12 Mbps nthawi ino, ndipo zina mwaukadaulo mu USB 1.0 zidakonzedwa. Kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku kunakhalabe 5V / 500mA.

Mu Epulo 2000, muyezo wa USB 2.0 udayambitsidwa, wokhala ndi liwiro la 480 Mbps, lomwe ndi 60MB/s. Ndi nthawi 40 kuposa ya USB 1.1. Kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku ndi 5V/500mA, ndipo kutengera kapangidwe ka mapini 4. USB 2.0 ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka lero ndipo tinganene kuti ndiyo muyeso wa USB wotalika kwambiri.

Kuyambira USB 2.0, USB-IF adawonetsa "talente yawo yapadera" pakusinthiranso.

Mu June 2003, USB-IF inasinthanso mafotokozedwe ndi miyezo ya USB, kusintha USB 1.0 kukhala USB 2.0 Low-Speed version, USB 1.1 kukhala USB 2.0 Full-Speed version, ndi USB 2.0 kukhala USB 2.0 High-Speed version.

Komabe, kusinthaku sikunakhudze kwambiri momwe zinthu zilili panthawiyo, chifukwa USB 1.0 ndi 1.1 zasiya mbiri yakale.

Mu Novembala 2008, Gulu Lotsatsa la USB 3.0, lopangidwa ndi zimphona zamakampani monga Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, ndi ST-NXP, adamaliza muyezo wa USB 3.0 ndikuutulutsa poyera. Dzina lovomerezeka loperekedwa linali "SuperSpeed". Gulu la USB Promoter ndilofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga miyezo ya mndandanda wa USB, ndipo miyezoyo pamapeto pake idzaperekedwa kwa USB-IF kuti iziyang'anira.

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa USB 3.0 kufika pa 5.0 Gbps, yomwe ndi 640MB/s. Kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku ndi 5V/900mA. Imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi 2.0 ndipo imathandizira kutumiza deta yamtundu uliwonse (ie, imatha kulandira ndi kutumiza deta nthawi imodzi, pamene USB 2.0 ili ndi theka-duplex), komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera mphamvu ndi zina.

USB 3.0 itengera kapangidwe ka mapini 9. Mapini 4 oyambirira ndi ofanana ndi a USB 2.0, pamene mapini 5 otsalawo adapangidwira USB 3.0 mwapadera. Chifukwa chake, mutha kudziwa ngati ndi USB 2.0 kapena USB 3.0 ndi zikhomo.

Mu July 2013, USB 3.1 inatulutsidwa, ndi liwiro la 10 Gbps (1280 MB / s), lomwe limadzinenera kuti ndi SuperSpeed +, ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera yovomerezeka yamagetsi inakwezedwa ku 20V / 5A, yomwe ndi 100W.

Kusintha kwa USB 3.1 poyerekeza ndi USB 3.0 kunalinso koonekeratu. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi yaitali, USB-IF inasinthanso USB 3.0 monga USB 3.1 Gen1, ndi USB 3.1 monga USB 3.1 Gen2.

Kusintha kwadzinaku kudadzetsa vuto kwa ogula chifukwa amalonda ambiri osakhulupirika amangolemba zinthu zomwe zimathandizira USB 3.1 m'paketi popanda kuwonetsa ngati inali Gen1 kapena Gen2. M'malo mwake, machitidwe otumizira awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri, ndipo ogula akhoza kugwera mumsampha mwangozi. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa dzinali kunali kusuntha koyipa kwa ogula ambiri.

Mu Seputembala 2017, USB 3.2 idatulutsidwa. Pansi pa USB Type-C, imathandizira njira ziwiri za 10 Gbps zotumizira ma data, ndi liwiro lofikira 20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), ndipo kutulutsa kokwanira komweku kukadali 20V/5A. Mbali zina zili ndi zosintha zazing'ono.

▲ Njira yosinthira dzina la USB

Komabe, mu 2019, USB-IF idabwera ndi kusintha kwina kwa dzina. Anasinthanso USB 3.1 Gen1 (yomwe inali USB 3.0 yoyambirira) ngati USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (yomwe inali USB 3.1 yoyambirira) ngati USB 3.2 Gen2, ndi USB 3.2 ngati USB 3.2 Gen 2 × 2.

Tsopano ndi Tsogolo: The Leap Forward ya USB4

Tsopano popeza tafika ku USB4, tiyeni tiwone kukweza ndi kuwongolera kwa mulingo watsopanowu. Choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri, popeza ndikukweza kwa mibadwo yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku "3" mpaka "4", kuwongolera kuyenera kukhala kofunikira.

Kutengera zonse zomwe tasonkhanitsa, zatsopano za USB4 ndizofupikitsidwa motere:

1. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa 40 Gbps:

Kupyolera mumayendedwe apawiri, liwiro lofikira la USB4 liyenera kufikira 40 Gbps, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi la Thunderbolt 3 (lotchedwa "Bingu 3" pansipa).

M'malo mwake, USB4 idzakhala ndi maulendo atatu otumizira: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, ndi 40 Gbps. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kugula chipangizo chothamanga kwambiri, ndiko kuti, 40 Gbps, kuli bwino muyang'ane zomwe mwasankha musanagule.

2. Yogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a Thunderbolt 3:

Zida zina (osati zonse) za USB4 zimathanso kugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a Thunderbolt 3. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati chipangizo chanu chili ndi mawonekedwe a USB4, zitha kukhala zotheka kulumikiza chida cha Thunderbolt 3 kunja. Komabe, izi sizokakamiza. Kaya ikugwirizana kapena ayi zimadalira malingaliro a wopanga chipangizocho.

3. Kuthekera kogawika kwazinthu za bandwidth:

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito doko la USB4 ndikuligwiritsanso ntchito kulumikiza chowonetsera ndikusamutsa deta, dokolo lipereka bandwidth yofananira malinga ndi momwe zilili. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kanemayo imangofunika 20% ya bandwidth kuyendetsa chiwonetsero cha 1080p, ndiye kuti 80% yotsala ya bandwidth ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zina. Izi sizinatheke mu USB 3.2 ndi nyengo zam'mbuyo. Izi zisanachitike, njira yogwirira ntchito ya USB inali kusinthana.

4. Zida za USB4 zonse zimathandizira USB PD

USB PD ndi USB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), yomwe ndi imodzi mwama protocol omwe amachapira mwachangu. Idapangidwanso ndi bungwe la USB-IF. Mafotokozedwewa amatha kukwaniritsa ma voltages apamwamba ndi mafunde, ndi mphamvu yopitilira mphamvu yofikira mpaka 100W, ndipo njira yotumizira mphamvu imatha kusinthidwa momasuka.

Malinga ndi malamulo a USB-IF, mawonekedwe amtundu waposachedwa wa USB PD akuyenera kukhala USB Type-C. Mu mawonekedwe a USB Type-C, pali mapini awiri, CC1 ndi CC2, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zoyankhulirana za PD.

5. Ndi mawonekedwe a USB Type-C okha omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito

Ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndizachilengedwe kuti titha kudziwanso kuti USB4 imatha kugwira ntchito kudzera pa zolumikizira za USB Type-C. M'malo mwake, osati USB PD yokha, komanso mumiyezo ina yaposachedwa ya USB-IF, imagwira ntchito ku Type-C yokha.

6. Ikhoza kukhala kumbuyo yogwirizana ndi ndondomeko zakale

USB4 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zida za USB 3 ndi USB 2 ndi madoko. Ndiko kunena kuti, ikhoza kukhala yogwirizana ndi miyezo yam'mbuyomu ya protocol. Komabe, USB 1.0 ndi 1.1 sizimathandizidwa. Pakadali pano, zolumikizirana zogwiritsa ntchito protocol iyi zatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka pamsika.

Inde, polumikiza chipangizo cha USB4 ku doko la USB 3.2, sichingathe kufalitsa pa liwiro la 40 Gbps. Ndipo mawonekedwe akale a USB 2 sangafulumire chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a USB4.