Buku Lotsogolera Kwambiri la USB4 Kuchokera pa Liwiro la 40Gbps, Bandwidth Yolimba mpaka Kulumikizana Kwathunthu kwa Chingwe Chimodzi
Kuyambira pomwe USB4 idayamba, takhala tikufalitsa nkhani zambiri ndi maulalo kuti tigawane zambiri zofunika. Komabe, kutchuka kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti anthu kulikonse akufunsa za msika wa USB4. Kuyambira nthawi yoyambirira ya USB 1.0 ndi mawonekedwe otumizira deta a 1.5Mbps, USB yadutsa mibadwo yambiri. Pakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga USB 1.0, USB 2.0, ndi USB 3.0, ndipo mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe a mawonekedwe aphatikizapo USB Type-A, USB Type-B, ndi USB Type-C yodziwika kwambiri pakadali pano, ndi zina zotero. USB4 sikuti imangokhala ndi liwiro lotumizira mwachangu komanso imagwirizana bwino (kuthandizira kugwirizanitsa kumbuyo, ndiko kuti, kugwirizanitsa ndi mitundu yotsika). Imatha kulumikiza pafupifupi zida zonse bwino ndikuzichaja. Ngati foni yanu, kompyuta, chowunikira, chosindikizira, ndi zina zonse zimagwirizana ndi USB4, ndiye kuti mwamalingaliro, mumangofunika chingwe cha data chomwe chimathandizira USB4 kuti mulumikize zidazo, zomwe zimapangitsa ofesi yakunyumba kukhala yosavuta kwambiri. Simufunikanso kugula zingwe zosiyanasiyana zosinthira mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, USB4 ingapangitse kuti magwiridwe antchito athu akhale osiyanasiyana komanso osavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha USB4 ndichakuti chikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'mphepete zomwe zimathandizira makompyuta anzeru zopanga.
01 USB4 poyerekeza ndi USB3.2
USB 3.2 ndi muyezo watsopano womwe watulutsidwa ndi bungwe la USB-IF. Udayambitsidwa kale mu Seputembala 2017. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, USB 3.2 ndi kusintha komanso chowonjezera pa USB 3.1. Kusintha kwakukulu ndikuti liwiro lotumizira deta lawonjezeka kufika pa 20 Gbps, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akadali kutsatiraMtundu-CNdondomeko yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi ya USB 3.1, sikuthandiziranso ma interface a Type-A ndi Type-B. USB4 ndi USB3.2 onse amagwiritsa ntchito ma interface a Type-C, koma USB4 ndi yovuta kwambiri. USB4 imathandizira kutumiza nthawi imodzi ndi kulandira deta ya host-to-host, PCI Express® (PCIe®), DisplayPort audio/video, ndi USB kudzera mu mawonekedwe omwewo a Type-C pa ulalo womwewo. Ma host awiri a USB4 amatha kusinthana mapaketi a data a IP kudzera mu ngalande ya host-to-host; DisplayPort ndi USB tunnel transmission zikutanthauza kuti mawu, kanema, deta, ndi mphamvu zitha kutumizidwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe omwewo, zomwe zimakhala zachangu kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito USB3.2. Kuphatikiza apo, kutumiza kwa PCIe tunnel kumatha kupereka bandwidth yayikulu, kuchedwa kochepa, ndikukwaniritsa kufalikira kwakukulu kwa malo osungira zinthu zambiri, luntha lochita kupanga la m'mphepete, ndi zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
USB4 imaphatikiza njira ziwiri zotumizira ndi zolandirira mu mawonekedwe amodzi a USB-C, ndi liwiro lofika pa 20 Gbps ndi40 Gbps, ndipo njira iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi liwiro la data la pafupifupi 10 Gbps kapena 20 Gbps. Kwa opanga ma chip, deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ayenera kudziwa kuti mu Thunderbolt3 mode, liwiro la data pa njira iliyonse yotumizira ndi kulandira ndi 10.3125 Gbps kapena 20.625 Gbps. Mu njira yachikhalidwe ya USB, njira imodzi yokha yotumizira/yolandirira imagwira ntchito pa liwiro la5 Gbps (USB3.0) or 10 Gbps (USB3.1), pomwe njira ziwiri za USB3.2 zimayenda pa liwiro la 10 Gbps.
Ponena za kulimba, zigawo zonyamula mphamvu za mawonekedwe a Type-C makamaka ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo chakunja, chomwe chili cholimba komanso chosawonongeka kwambiri. Njira yapakati yopezera deta imatetezedwa ndi chivundikiro chooneka ngati arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwonongeka. Zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake zikusonyeza kutiMtundu wa USB Cimatha kupirira ma plug-in opitilira 10,000 komanso kuchotsedwa popanda kuwonongeka. Ngati iwerengedwa kutengera ma plug-in atatu ndi kuchotsedwa patsiku, mawonekedwe a USB Type-C angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa zaka zosachepera 10.
02 Kutumiza Kofulumira kwa USB4
Pambuyo potulutsa mwalamulo protocol ya USB 3.2, bungwe la USB linalengeza mwachangu zofunikira za USB 4 mkati mwa nthawi yochepa. Mosiyana ndi miyezo yakale mongaUSB 3.2, zomwe zinachokera pa protocol ya USB, USB 4 sigwiritsanso ntchito ma specification a USB pamlingo wake woyambira koma m'malo mwake imagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Thunderbolt 3 yomwe Intel yawulula mokwanira. Uku ndiye kusintha kwakukulu pakukula kwa USB m'zaka zingapo zapitazi. Pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha Type-C polumikizira, ntchito za USB4 zimalowa m'malo mwa za USB 3.2, ndipo USB 2.0 imatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. USB 3.2 Enhanced SuperSpeed ikadali maziko oyambira otumizira "data ya USB" pa mzere wa USB 4. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa USB4 ndi USB 3.2 kuli mwakuti USB4 imayang'ana pa kulumikizana. USB4 idapangidwa ndi ma tunnel kuti itumize deta pamodzi kuchokera ku ma protocol angapo pa mawonekedwe amodzi enieni. Chifukwa chake, liwiro ndi mphamvu ya USB4 zitha kugawidwa mosinthika. USB4 imatha kuthandizira ma protocol ena owonetsera kapena kulumikizana kwa host-to-host pomwe kutumiza deta kukupitilira. Kuphatikiza apo, USB4 yawonjezera liwiro lolumikizirana kuchokera pa 20 Gbps (Gen2x2) ya USB 3.2 kupita ku40 Gbps (Gen3x2)pa kapangidwe komweko ka njira ziwiri, kapangidwe ka njira ziwiri.
USB4 sikuti imangopeza USB yothamanga kwambiri (yochokera pa USB3), komanso imapanga ma tunnel owonetsera pogwiritsa ntchito DisplayPort ndi ma tunnel otsegula/kusunga pogwiritsa ntchito PCIe.
Mbali yowonetsera: Njira yowonetsera ya USB4 imachokera pa DisplayPort 1.4a. DP 1.4a yokha imathandizira8k pa 60Hz or 4k pa 120Hz. USB4 host ikufunika kuthandizira DisplayPort pamadoko onse otsika. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito doko la USB 4 kutumiza makanema ndi deta nthawi imodzi, dokolo lidzagawa bandwidth moyenera. Chifukwa chake, ngati kanemayo amangofunika 20% ya bandwidth kuti ayendetse chowunikira chanu cha 1080p (chomwe chilinso hub), ndiye kuti 80% yotsala ya kanemayo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusamutsa mafayilo kuchokera ku SSD yakunja.
Ponena za ma tunnel a PCIe: Thandizo la PCIe ndi ma host a USB4 ndi losankha. Ma hubs a USB4 ayenera kuthandizira ma tunnel a PCIe ndipo switch yamkati ya PCIe iyenera kukhalapo.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la USB 4 specification ndi kuthekera kosintha mosinthasintha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo potumiza kanema ndi deta kudzera mu kulumikizana komweko. Chifukwa chake, tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi nthawi yokwanira40 Gbps USB 4ndipo akukopera mafayilo akuluakulu kuchokera ku SSD yakunja ndikutulutsa ku chiwonetsero cha 4K. Tiyerekeze kuti gwero la kanema likufuna pafupifupi 12.5 Gbps. Pankhaniyi, USB 4 idzapereka ma 27.5 Mbps otsala ku backup drive.
USB-C imayambitsa "njira ina", yomwe ndi kuthekera kotumiza kanema wa DisplayPort/HDMI kuchokera ku doko la Type-C. Komabe, 3.x yomwe ilipo pano sipereka njira yabwino yogawa zinthu. Malinga ndi Saunders, mawonekedwe a DisplayPort alt amatha kugawa molondola bandwidth pakati pa data ya USB ndi data ya kanema kukhala 50/50, pomwe mawonekedwe a HDMI alt salola kugwiritsa ntchito deta ya USB nthawi imodzi.
USB4 imatanthauzira muyezo wa 40Gbps, zomwe zimathandiza kugawana bandwidth kuti chingwe chimodzi cha data chikwaniritse ntchito zingapo. Ndi USB4, ndizotheka kutumiza PCIe nthawi imodzi ndikuwonetsa deta pamzere umodzi, limodzi ndi ntchito zachikhalidwe za USB, komanso kupereka mphamvu (kudzera pa USB PD) mwanjira yosavuta kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, zida zambiri zolumikizira, kaya ndi ma network othamanga kwambiri, makadi ojambula akunja, zowonetsera zapamwamba, zida zosungiramo zinthu zothamanga kwambiri, kapena makina amodzi ndi makina ena, zitha kulumikizidwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe a Type-C. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati zida izi zikugwiritsa ntchito USB4 Hub, mutha kulumikizanso zida zambiri motsatizana kapena nthambi kuchokera kuzipangizozi, zomwe ndizosavuta kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-20-2025
