Pali mitundu itatu ya ma interface amagetsi a ma disk osungira a mainchesi 2.5 / mainchesi 3.5: PCIe, SAS ndi SATA, "Kale, chitukuko cha kulumikizana kwa malo osungira deta chinali choyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe kapena mabungwe a IEEE kapena OIF-CEI, ndipo masiku ano chasintha kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito zazikulu za malo osungira deta monga Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, ndi Microsoft akuyendetsa ukadaulo, osati kudikira kuti miyezo ithe, koma kuti wogwiritsa ntchito alamulire chilichonse. Ponena za magwiridwe antchito amtsogolo a msika wa PCIe SSD, SAS SSD ndi SATA SSD, gawanani zomwe Gartner adapanga kuti aliyense azilankhulana.
Zokhudza PCIe
Mosakayikira PCIe ndiye muyezo wotchuka kwambiri wa mabasi oyendera, ndipo yasinthidwa pafupipafupi m'zaka zaposachedwa: PCIe 3.0 ikadali yotchuka kwambiri, PCIe 4.0 ikukwera mofulumira, PCIe 5.0 yatsala pang'ono kukufikirani, PCIe 6.0 yatsirizidwa mtundu 0.5, ndipo yaperekedwa kwa mamembala a bungweli, idzatulutsidwa chaka chamawa pa nthawi yomaliza.
Kope lililonse la PCIe limadutsa m'magawo/magawo asanu osiyanasiyana:
Mtundu 0.3: Lingaliro loyambirira lomwe limapereka mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi kapangidwe ka mfundo zatsopano.
Mtundu 0.5: Ndondomeko yoyamba yomwe imafotokoza mbali zonse za kapangidwe katsopano, ikuphatikiza mayankho ochokera kwa mamembala a bungwe kutengera mtundu 0.3, ndipo ikuphatikiza zinthu zatsopano zomwe mamembala apempha kuphatikiza zinthu zatsopano.
Mtundu 0.7: Kukonza kwathunthu, mbali zonse za specification yatsopano zatsimikizika mokwanira, ndipo specification yamagetsi iyeneranso kutsimikiziridwa ndi test chip. Palibe zinthu zatsopano zomwe zidzawonjezedwa pambuyo pake.
Mtundu 0.9: Cholembedwa chomaliza chomwe mamembala a bungwe angapange ndikupanga ukadaulo ndi zinthu zawo.
Mtundu 1.0: Kutulutsidwa komaliza kovomerezeka, kutulutsidwa kwa anthu onse.
Ndipotu, pambuyo poti mtundu wa 0.5 watulutsidwa, opanga amatha kale kupanga ma test chips kuti akonzekere ntchito yotsatira pasadakhale.
PCIe 6.0 si yosiyana. Ngati ikugwirizana ndi PCIe 5.0/4.0/3.0/2.0/1.0, kuchuluka kwa deta kapena bandwidth ya I/O kudzawonjezeka kawiri kufika pa 64GT/s, ndipo bandwidth yeniyeni ya PCIe 6.0×1 ndi 8GB/s. PCIe 6.0×16 ili ndi 128GB/s mbali imodzi ndi 256GB/s mbali zonse ziwiri.
PCIe 6.0 ipitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito 128b/130b encoding yomwe idayambitsidwa mu nthawi ya PCIe 3.0, koma iwonjezeranso njira yatsopano yosinthira ma pulse amplitude PAM4 kuti ilowe m'malo mwa PCIe 5.0 NRZ, yomwe imatha kuyika deta yambiri mu njira imodzi panthawi yofanana, komanso kukonza zolakwika za low latency forward (FEC) ndi njira zina zokhudzana nazo kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito a bandwidth.
Zokhudza SAS
Serial Attached SCSI interface (SAS), SAS ndi mbadwo watsopano wa ukadaulo wa SCSI, ndipo hard disk yotchuka ya Serial ATA (SATA) ndi yofanana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa serial kuti mupeze liwiro lalikulu la kutumiza, komanso kufupikitsa mzere wolumikizira kuti muwongolere malo amkati. SAS ndi interface yatsopano yopangidwa pambuyo pa interface ya SCSI yofanana. Interface iyi idapangidwa kuti ikonze magwiridwe antchito, kupezeka, komanso kukula kwa dongosolo losungira, kupereka mgwirizano ndi ma hard drive a SATA. Interface ya SAS sikuti imangowoneka ngati SATA yokha, komanso imagwirizana ndi muyezo wa SATA. Backpanel ya dongosolo la SAS imatha kulumikiza ma drive a SAS okhala ndi madoko awiri, ogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso ma drive a SATA okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso otsika mtengo. Zotsatira zake, ma drive a SAS ndi ma drive a SATA amatha kukhala limodzi mu dongosolo lomwelo losungira. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti makina a SATA sagwirizana ndi SAS, kotero ma drive a SAS sangalumikizidwe ndi ma backplanes a SATA.
Poyerekeza ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha PCIe specification m'zaka zaposachedwa, SAS specification yasintha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu Novembala 2019, SAS 4.1 specification pogwiritsa ntchito 24Gbps interface rate idatulutsidwa mwalamulo, ndipo SAS 5.0 specification ya m'badwo wotsatira ikukonzekeranso, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso 56Gbps.
Pakadali pano, m'zinthu zambiri zatsopano, SAS interface SSD SSD ndi yochepa kwambiri, mkulu waukadaulo wa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti anati ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi zambiri sagwiritsa ntchito SAS SSD, makamaka chifukwa cha mtengo wogwirira ntchito, SAS SSD pakati pa PCIe ndi SATA SSD, ndizochititsa manyazi kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito sangafanane ndi PCIe. Malo osungira deta akuluakulu amasankha PCIe, mtengo sungapeze SATA SSD, makasitomala wamba amasankha SATA SSD.
Zokhudza SATA
SATA ndi Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Serial ATA, yomwe ndi specification ya hard disk interface yomwe idaperekedwa pamodzi ndi Intel, IBM, Dell, APT, Maxtor, ndi Seagate.
Mawonekedwe a SATA amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe 4 kutumiza deta, kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, Tx+, Tx- imasonyeza mzere wa deta wosiyana wotulutsa, wofanana, Rx+, Rx- imasonyeza mzere wa deta wosiyana wolowetsa, monga mawonekedwe a hard disk omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika, mtundu wotchuka wamakono ndi 3.0, ubwino waukulu wa mawonekedwe a SATA 3.0 uyenera kukhala wokhwima, Ma disks a hard disk a 2.5-inch SSD ndi HDD amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awa, bandwidth yotumizira yoyerekeza ya 6Gbps, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a 10Gbps ndi 32Gbps bandwidth pali kusiyana kwina, koma SSD wamba wa 2.5-inch imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, 500MB/s kapena kupitirira apo liwiro lowerenga ndi kulemba ndilokwanira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-10-2023
