Chiyambi cha mafotokozedwe a PCIe 5.0

• Chiyambi cha mafotokozedwe a PCIe 5.0

Mafotokozedwe a PCIe 4.0 adamalizidwa mu 2017, koma sanathandizidwe ndi nsanja za ogula mpaka AMD's 7nm Rydragon 3000 series, ndipo kale zinthu monga supercomputing, malo osungira zinthu mwachangu kwambiri, ndi zida zamaukonde ndizokha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PCIe 4.0. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa PCIe 4.0 sunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, bungwe la PCI-SIG lakhala likupanga PCIe 5.0 yothamanga kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro kwawirikiza kawiri kuchokera pa 16GT/s yomwe ilipo mpaka 32GT/s, kuchuluka kwa bandwidth kumatha kufika 128GB/s, ndipo kuchuluka kwa 0.9/1.0 kwamalizidwa. Mtundu wa v0.7 wa mawu wamba a PCIe 6.0 watumizidwa kwa mamembala, ndipo chitukuko cha muyezo chikuyenda bwino. Kuchuluka kwa pin ya PCIe 6.0 kwawonjezeka kufika pa 64 GT/s, komwe ndi kuwirikiza ka 8 kuposa PCIe 3.0, ndipo kuchuluka kwa bandwidth mu njira za x16 kumatha kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 256GB/s. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, liwiro la PCIe 3.0 x8 lomwe lilipo pano limafuna njira imodzi yokha ya PCIe 6.0 kuti ikwaniritse. Ponena za v0.7, PCIe 6.0 yakwaniritsa zambiri zomwe zidalengezedwa poyamba, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kukupitirirabe.d, ndipo muyezo wayambitsa kumene zida zosinthira mphamvu za L0p. Zachidziwikire, pambuyo pa kulengeza mu 2021, PCIe 6.0 ikhoza kupezeka pamsika mu 2023 kapena 2024 mwachangu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, PCIe 5.0 idavomerezedwa mu 2019, ndipo ndi pano pomwe pali milandu yogwiritsira ntchito.

Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zinali kale, zomwe zinali kale, zomwe zinali kale, zomwe zinali kale, PCIe 4.0 zinafika mochedwa. Zomwe zinali kale zinayambitsidwa mu 2010, zaka 7 pambuyo poti PCIe 4.0 yayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero nthawi yogwira ntchito ya PCIe 4.0 ikhoza kukhala yochepa. Makamaka, ogulitsa ena ayamba kupanga zida za PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Bungwe la PCI-SIG likuyembekeza kuti miyezo iwiriyi izikhalapo kwa kanthawi, ndipo PCIe 5.0 imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida zogwira ntchito bwino zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri, monga Gpus ya AI, zida za netiweki, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti PCIe 5.0 imapezeka kwambiri m'malo osungira deta, netiweki, ndi malo a HPC. Zipangizo zomwe zimafunikira bandwidth yochepa, monga ma desktops, zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito PCIe 4.0.

Pa PCIe 5.0, kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro kwawonjezeka kuchokera pa PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s mpaka 32GT/s, komabe kumagwiritsa ntchito 128/130 encoding, ndipo bandwidth ya x16 yawonjezeka kuchokera pa 64GB/s mpaka 128GB/s.

Kuwonjezera pa kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth, PCIe 5.0 imabweretsa kusintha kwina, kusintha kapangidwe ka magetsi kuti akonze kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, kugwirizana ndi PCIe, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, PCIe 5.0 yapangidwa ndi miyezo yatsopano yomwe imachepetsa kuchedwa ndi kuchepa kwa chizindikiro pamtunda wautali.

Bungwe la PCI-SIG likuyembekeza kumaliza mtundu wa 1.0 wa zomwe zili mu kotala loyamba chaka chino, koma akhoza kupanga miyezo, koma sangathe kulamulira nthawi yomwe chipangizo cha terminal chidzayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti zida zoyamba za PCIe 5.0 ziyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chino, ndipo zinthu zina zidzawonekera mu 2020. Komabe, kufunikira kwa liwiro lalikulu kunapangitsa kuti bungwe lokhazikika likhazikitse mbadwo wotsatira wa PCI Express. Cholinga cha PCIe 5.0 ndikuwonjezera liwiro la muyezo munthawi yochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, PCIe 5.0 idapangidwa kuti iwonjezere liwiro kufika pa muyezo wa PCIe 4.0 popanda zinthu zina zatsopano zofunika.

Mwachitsanzo, PCIe 5.0 siithandiza zizindikiro za PAM 4 ndipo imangophatikizapo zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimafunika kuti muyezo wa PCIe uthandize 32 GT/s munthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Mavuto a zida

Vuto lalikulu pokonzekera chinthu chothandizira PCI Express 5.0 lidzakhudzana ndi kutalika kwa njira. Kuthamanga kwa chizindikiro, kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro chomwe chimatumizidwa kudzera pa bolodi la PC kumawonjezeka. Mitundu iwiri ya kuwonongeka kwakuthupi imachepetsa momwe mainjiniya amatha kufalitsa zizindikiro za PCIe:

· 1. Kuchepetsa njira

· 2. Kuwunikira komwe kumachitika mu njira chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa impedance m'mapini, zolumikizira, mabowo odutsa ndi zina.

Mafotokozedwe a PCIe 5.0 amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera -36dB pa 16 GHz. Ma frequency 16 GHz akuyimira ma frequency a Nyquist a ma signal a digito a 32 GT/s. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha PCIe5.0 chikayamba, chingakhale ndi voltage ya 800 mV yomwe imafika pachimake. Komabe, mutadutsa mu njira yovomerezeka ya -36dB, kufanana kulikonse ndi diso lotseguka kumatayika. Pogwiritsa ntchito transmitter based equalization (de-accentuating) ndi receiver equalization (kuphatikiza kwa CTLE ndi DFE) ndi pomwe chizindikiro cha PCIe5.0 chingadutse mu njira ya system ndikutanthauziridwa molondola ndi receiver. Kutalika kochepa kwa maso komwe kumayembekezeredwa kwa chizindikiro cha PCIe 5.0 ndi 10mV (post-equalization). Ngakhale ndi transmitter yotsika kwambiri, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa njira kumachepetsa kukula kwa chizindikiro mpaka kufika poti mtundu wina uliwonse wa kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwunikira ndi crosstalk kumatha kutsekedwa kuti diso libwezeretsedwe.