Chidziwitso cha PCIe 5.0

• Chidziwitso cha PCIe 5.0

Kufotokozera kwa PCIe 4.0 kudamalizidwa mu 2017, koma sikunathandizidwe ndi nsanja za ogula mpaka mndandanda wa AMD wa 7nm Rydragon 3000, ndipo m'mbuyomu zidangokhala ngati supercomputing, malo osungiramo mabizinesi othamanga kwambiri, ndi zida zama network zidagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PCIe 4.0.Ngakhale teknoloji ya PCIe 4.0 sinagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo waukulu, bungwe la PCI-SIG lakhala likupanga PCIe 5.0 mofulumira kwambiri, chiwerengero cha zizindikiro chawonjezeka kawiri kuchokera ku 16GT / s mpaka 32GT / s, bandwidth imatha kufika 128GB / s, ndipo mawonekedwe a 0.9/1.0 amalizidwa.v0.7 mtundu wamba wa PCIe 6.0 watumizidwa kwa mamembala, ndipo kupangidwa kwa muyezo kuli panjira.Pini ya PCIe 6.0 yawonjezeka kufika ku 64 GT / s, yomwe ili nthawi 8 kuposa PCIe 3.0, ndipo bandwidth mu x16 channels ikhoza kukhala yaikulu kuposa 256GB / s.Mwanjira ina, kuthamanga kwaposachedwa kwa PCIe 3.0 x8 kumafuna njira imodzi yokha ya PCIe 6.0 kuti ikwaniritse.Ponena za v0.7, PCIe 6.0 yakwaniritsa zambiri zomwe zidalengezedwa poyambirira, koma kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukupitilirabe bwino.d, ndipo muyezo watulutsa kumene zida zosinthira mphamvu za L0p.Zachidziwikire, zitalengezedwa mu 2021, PCIe 6.0 ikhoza kupezeka pamalonda mu 2023 kapena 2024 koyambirira.Mwachitsanzo, PCIe 5.0 idavomerezedwa mu 2019, ndipo ndipamene pali milandu yofunsira.

Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidachitika kale, mawonekedwe a PCIe 4.0 adabwera mochedwa.Mafotokozedwe a PCIe 3.0 adayambitsidwa mu 2010, zaka 7 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa PCIe 4.0, kotero kuti moyo wa PCIe 4.0 ukhoza kukhala waufupi.Makamaka, ogulitsa ena ayamba kupanga PCIe 5.0 PHY zida zosanjikiza thupi.

Bungwe la PCI-SIG likuyembekeza kuti mikhalidwe iwiriyi ikhalepo kwakanthawi, ndipo PCIe 5.0 imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida zogwira ntchito kwambiri zomwe zili ndi zofunika kwambiri, monga Gpus for AI, zida zama network, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti PCIe 5.0 ndi zitha kuwoneka mu data center, network, ndi HPC.Zipangizo zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zochepa za bandwidth, monga ma desktops, zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito PCIe 4.0.

Kwa PCIe 5.0, kuchuluka kwa siginecha kwawonjezeka kuchokera ku PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s kupita ku 32GT/s, kugwiritsabe ntchito encoding ya 128/130, ndipo bandwidth ya x16 yawonjezeka kuchokera ku 64GB/s mpaka 128GB/s.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth, PCIe 5.0 imabweretsa zosintha zina, kusintha mawonekedwe amagetsi kuti apititse patsogolo kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha, kutsata kumbuyo ndi PCIe, ndi zina zambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, PCIe 5.0 idapangidwa ndi miyezo yatsopano yomwe imachepetsa latency ndi kutsika kwa ma sign pamtunda wautali.

Bungwe la PCI-SIG likuyembekeza kutsiriza mtundu wa 1.0 wa ndondomekoyi mu Q1 chaka chino, koma akhoza kukhala ndi miyezo, koma sangathe kulamulira pamene chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito chimayambitsidwa pamsika, ndipo chikuyembekezeka kuti PCIe 5.0 yoyamba. Zida zidzayamba chaka chino, ndipo zinthu zambiri zidzawonekera mu 2020. Komabe, kufunikira kwa liwiro lapamwamba kunapangitsa kuti thupi lokhazikika lifotokoze mbadwo wotsatira wa PCI Express.Cholinga cha PCIe 5.0 ndikuwonjezera liwiro la muyezo munthawi yochepa kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, PCIe 5.0 idapangidwa kuti ingowonjezera liwiro ku PCIe 4.0 muyezo popanda zina zatsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, PCIe 5.0 sichirikiza zizindikiro za PAM 4 ndipo zimangophatikizapo zatsopano zomwe zimafunikira kuti mulingo wa PCIe uthandizire 32 GT/s mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri.

Mavuto a Hardware

Chovuta chachikulu pokonzekera chothandizira PCI Express 5.0 chidzakhala chokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa njira.Kuthamanga kwa ma siginecha, kumapangitsa kuti ma frequency onyamulira azitha kufalikira kudzera pa bolodi la PC.Mitundu iwiri yakuwonongeka kwakuthupi imachepetsa momwe mainjiniya amatha kufalitsa ma siginecha a PCIe:

· 1. Kuchepa kwa njira

· 2. Zowunikira zomwe zimachitika munjira chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mapini, zolumikizira, mabowo ndi zina.

Mafotokozedwe a PCIe 5.0 amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe okhala ndi -36dB attenuation pa 16 GHz.Ma frequency a 16 GHz amayimira ma frequency a Nyquist a 32 GT/s ma siginecha a digito.Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha PCIe5.0 chikayamba, chikhoza kukhala ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri a 800 mV.Komabe, mutadutsa njira yovomerezeka -36dB, chofanana chilichonse ndi diso lotseguka chimatayika.Pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito ma transmitter based equalization (de-accentuating) ndi kufananitsa kwa wolandila (kuphatikiza kwa CTLE ndi DFE) komwe chizindikiro cha PCIe5.0 chingadutse panjira ndikutanthauzira molondola ndi wolandila.Kutalika kwa diso kocheperako kwa chizindikiro cha PCIe 5.0 ndi 10mV (post-equalization).Ngakhale ndi transmitter yocheperako yocheperako, kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa tchanelo kumachepetsa matalikidwe a siginecha mpaka pomwe mtundu wina uliwonse wa kuwonongeka kwa ma siginecha chifukwa cha kuwunikira ndi crosstalk ukhoza kutsekedwa kuti ubwezeretse diso.