Chiyambi PCIe 6.0

Bungwe la PCI-SIG lalengeza kutulutsidwa kovomerezeka kwa muyezo wa PCIe 6.0 v1.0, ndikulengeza kuti latha.

Popitiliza ndi mwambowu, liwiro la bandwidth likupitirira kuwirikiza kawiri, mpaka 128GB/s (unidirectional) pa x16, ndipo popeza ukadaulo wa PCIe umalola kuyenda kwa data yonse ya bidirectional, kuchuluka kwa data yonse ya two-way ndi 256GB/s. Malinga ndi dongosololi, padzakhala zitsanzo zamalonda miyezi 12 mpaka 18 kuchokera pamene muyezowu watulutsidwa, womwe uli pafupifupi chaka cha 2023, uyenera kukhala pa seva yoyamba. PCIe 6.0 idzafika kumapeto kwa chaka koyambirira, ndi bandwidth ya 256GB/s.

Kubwerera ku ukadaulo weniweniwo, PCIe 6.0 imaonedwa kuti ndi kusintha kwakukulu m'mbiri ya PCIe pafupifupi zaka 20. Kunena zoona, PCIe 4.0/5.0 ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa 3.0, monga 128b/130b encoding kutengera NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero).

PCIe 6.0 yasinthidwa kukhala PAM4 pulse AM signaling, 1B-1B coding, chizindikiro chimodzi chikhoza kukhala ndi ma encoding anayi (00/01/10/11), kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa cham'mbuyomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma frequency okwana 30GHz. Komabe, chifukwa chizindikiro cha PAM4 ndi chofooka kuposa NRZ, chili ndi njira yokonzera zolakwika za FEC forward kuti ikonze zolakwika za chizindikiro mu ulalo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti deta ndi yolondola.

Kuwonjezera pa PAM4 ndi FEC, ukadaulo womaliza waukulu mu PCIe 6.0 ndi kugwiritsa ntchito FLIT (Flow Control Unit) encoding pamlingo woyenera. Ndipotu, PAM4, FLIT si ukadaulo watsopano, mu 200G+ ultra-high-speed Ethernet yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe PAM4 yalephera kukweza kwambiri chifukwa chake ndichakuti mtengo wa physical layer ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, PCIe 6.0 imagwirizanabe ndi kumbuyo.

PCIe 6.0 ikupitiliza kuwirikiza kawiri bandwidth ya I/O kufika pa 64GT/s malinga ndi mwambo, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bandwidth yeniyeni ya PCIe 6.0X1 unidirectional ya 8GB/s, bandwidth ya PCIe 6.0×16 unidirectional ya 128GB/s, ndi bandwidth ya pcie 6.0×16 bidirectional ya 256GB/s. PCIe 4.0 x4 SSDS, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, zimangofunika PCIe 6.0 x1 kuti zichite izi.

PCIe 6.0 ipitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ma encoding a 128b/130b omwe adayambitsidwa munthawi ya PCIe 3.0. Kuphatikiza pa CRC yoyambirira, ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti njira yatsopanoyi imathandiziranso ma encoding a PAM-4 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Ethernet ndi GDDR6x, m'malo mwa PCIe 5.0 NRZ. Deta yambiri imatha kupakidwa mu njira imodzi panthawi yofanana, komanso njira yochepetsera zolakwika za data yocheperako yomwe imadziwika kuti forward error correction (FEC) kuti ipangitse kuti bandwidth ikule bwino komanso yodalirika.

Anthu ambiri angafunse kuti, PCIe 3.0 bandwidth nthawi zambiri siigwiritsidwa ntchito, PCIe 6.0 ndi phindu lanji? Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu omwe akufuna deta, kuphatikizapo luntha lochita kupanga, njira za IO zomwe zili ndi liwiro lotumizira mwachangu zikuchulukirachulukira kukhala kufunikira kwa makasitomala pamsika waukadaulo, ndipo bandwidth yayikulu ya ukadaulo wa PCIe 6.0 ikhoza kutsegula mokwanira magwiridwe antchito azinthu zomwe zimafuna bandwidth yayikulu ya IO kuphatikiza ma accelerator, machine learning ndi ntchito za HPC. PCI-SIG ikuyembekezanso kupindula ndi makampani opanga magalimoto omwe akukula, omwe ndi malo otchuka kwa ma semiconductors, ndipo PCI-Special Interest Group yapanga gulu latsopano logwira ntchito la PCIe Technology kuti liziyang'ana momwe angawonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PCIe mumakampani opanga magalimoto, chifukwa kufunikira kwa bandwidth yowonjezera kwa chilengedwe kukuwonekera. Komabe, popeza microprocessor, GPU, chipangizo cha IO ndi malo osungira deta zitha kulumikizidwa ku njira ya data, PC kuti ipeze chithandizo cha PCIe 6.0 interface, opanga ma motherboard ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti akonze chingwe chomwe chingathe kuthana ndi zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri, ndipo opanga ma chipset nawonso amafunika kupanga kukonzekera koyenera. Mneneri wa Intel anakana kunena nthawi yomwe thandizo la PCIe 6.0 lidzawonjezedwa ku zipangizo, koma anatsimikizira kuti makasitomala a Alder Lake ndi mbali ya seva ya Sapphire Rapids ndi Ponte Vecchio adzathandizira PCIe 5.0. NVIDIA inakananso kunena nthawi yomwe PCIe 6.0 idzayambitsidwe. Komabe, BlueField-3 Dpus ya malo osungira deta imathandizira kale PCIe 5.0; PCIe Spec imangotchula ntchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi magawo omwe ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pa gawo lakuthupi, koma sifotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito izi. Mwanjira ina, opanga amatha kupanga kapangidwe ka gawo lakuthupi la PCIe malinga ndi zosowa zawo komanso momwe zinthu zilili kuti atsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito awo ndi abwino! Opanga ma chingwe amatha kusewera malo ambiri!